Kudzikira kwekukura kwehupfumi hweChina pamwe nekusandurwa kwemamiriro ehupfumi hwayo kuchavawo nekukanganisa kukuru mukuvandudzwa kweinishuwarenzi yekutakura zvinhu pasi rose.Kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekutenga nekutengesa kweChina kwave chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekudzikira kwehuwandu hwekutengeserana kwenyika.Maitiro eChina ekuvimba chete nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuti afambise hupfumi hwave kuchinja.Panguva imwecheteyo, kuderera kwekukura kwehupfumi kwakakanganisa zvikuru kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda.Mitengo yezvinhu zvikuru zvakaita semagetsi, zvicherwa nezvirimwa yadzikira zvakasiyana.Kudonha kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zviri kukonzera kudzikira kwemari yeinishuwarenzi yepasi rose.

Zvakadini nekuongorora uye maitiro ekunze indasitiri yekutengeserana 2021 yekunze indasitiri yekusimudzira musika mamiriro uye tarisiro yekuongorora

Muna 2017, hupfumi hwenyika hwakadzoreka zvine mwero, uye hupfumi hwepamba hwakagadzikana uye huri nani, izvo zvakasimudzira kuenderera mberi kwekutengesera kunze kwenyika uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika gore rese.Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwetsika, muna 2017, kukosha kwese kwekutengesa kwenyika nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwe27.79 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe14.2% muna 2016, kudzoreredza makore maviri akateedzana ekuderera.Pakati pavo, kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwaiva 15.33 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe10,8%;iyo yekunze yaive 12.46 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe18.7%;kutengeserana kwakasara kwaive 2.87 trillion yuan, kuderera kwe14.2%.Mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo anosanganisira zvinotevera:

1. Kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera chikamu nekota, uye gore-pa-gore kukura kwekukura kwakaderera.Muna 2017, kukosha kwekupinza kwenyika uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera chikamu nekota, kusvika 6.17 trillion yuan, 6.91 trillion yuan, 7.17 trillion yuan uye 7.54 trillion yuan, kumusoro 21.3%, 17.2%, 11.9% uye 8.6% zvichiteerana.

2. Izvo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kutengeswa kune vatatu vepamusoro vanotengeserana zvakakura zvakaenderana, uye kukura kwekunze uye kunze kwenyika kune dzimwe nyika pamwe ne "Belt and Road" zvakanaka.Muna 2017, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEU, United States neASEAN zvakawedzera ne15.5%, 15.2% uye 16.6% zvakateerana, uye vatatu vacho pamwe chete vakaverengera 41.8% yezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika.Munguva imwecheteyo, kutengeswa kwenyika yangu uye kutumira kunze kwenyika kuRussia, Poland neKazakhstan kwakawedzera ne23.9%, 23.4% uye 40.7% zvichiteerana, zvese zvakakwirira kupfuura mwero wekukura.

3. Kupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika kwemakambani akazvimirira kwakawedzera, uye chikamu chakawedzera.Muna 2017, mabhizinesi akazvimirira emunyika yangu aiunza uye akatumira kunze kwenyika 10.7 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe15.3%, inoverengera 38.5% yenyika yangu yekuunza uye kukosha kunze kwenyika, kuwedzera kwe0.4 muzana mapoinzi kupfuura 2016. Pakati pavo, kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwaive 7.13 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe12,3%, inoverengera 46.5% yehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika, uye yakaramba ichichengetedza nzvimbo yepamusoro mumugove wekutengesa kunze, kuwedzera kwe0.6 muzana;iyo yekunze yaive 3.57 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe22%.

Muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvegore ra2017, kuChina kutengesa kunze kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemagetsi kwaive 6.41 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe13%, 0.6 muzana mapoinzi akakwira kupfuura mwero wekukura kunze kwenyika, uchiverengera 57.5% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze.Pakati pavo, kutengesa kunze kwemotokari, ngarava uye nharembozha kwakawedzera ne28.5%, 12.2% uye 10.8% zvichiteerana.Kutengeswa kunze kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro kwaive 3.15 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe13.7%.China yakawedzera kupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika uye nekugonesa chimiro chayo chekuunza kunze kwenyika.Kupinzwa kunze kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro senge tekinoroji yepamusoro, zvikamu zvakakosha uye zvakakosha michina yakakura nekukurumidza.

Muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga, zvikamu zvinomwe zveChina zvezvigadzirwa zvechinyakare zvevashandi zvakatengesa kunze kwenyika inosvika 2.31 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe9.4%, zvichiverengera 20.7% yehuwandu hwese hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika.Pakati pavo, kutengesa kunze kwematoyi, zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki, mabhegi uye midziyo yakafanana yakawedzera ne49.2%, 15.2% uye 14,7% zvichiteerana.

Muna 2019, kutengeserana kwenyika yekunze uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakasvika pakakwirira.Mumakore achangopfuura, nhevedzano yemitemo yakanaka yakakurudzira kusimukira kweindasitiri yekutengeserana kunze kwenyika.Zvinonzi mangwanani ano, State Council Information Office yakaita musangano nevatori venhau, uye General Administration of Customs yakazivisa 2019 kutengeserana kwekunze kwenyika yangu uye kunze kune chekuita neKuitika.Muna 2019, pakatarisana nemamiriro ekuwedzera ehupfumi hwepasirese nenjodzi dzekutengeserana uye kusagadzikana, nyika yangu yakaramba ichikwiridzira chimiro chayo chekutengeserana kunze kwenyika uye nharaunda yebhizinesi, mabhizinesi akavandudza uye akatepfenyura misika inogona kusiyanisa, uye kutengeserana kwekunze kwakaramba kuchiwedzera kusimba kwekuvandudzwa kwemhando. .

Zvinonzi muna 2019, kukosha kwese kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwaive 31.54 trillion yuan, gore-pagore kuwedzera kwe3.4%, iyo kunze kwenyika yaive 17.23 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe5%, kunze kwenyika 14.31 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe1.6%, uye kutengeserana kwasara kwe2.92 trillion yuan.Yakawedzerwa ne25.4%.Kupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika, kutumira kunze kwenyika uye kuendesa kunze kwegore rese zvese zvakakwira rekodhi.

Pane zvikonzero zvikuru zvitatu zvekukura kwakadzikama kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika nekutengesa kunze kwenyika.Kutanga, hupfumi hwenyika yangu huchiri kuchengetedza maitiro ekutanga ekugadzikana uye kunaka kwenguva refu kuvandudzwa;chechipiri, hupfumi hwenyika yangu hune kusimba kwakasimba, kugona uye nzvimbo yekufambisa.Semuenzaniso, nyika yangu ine marudzi anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi maviri emhando dzezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri, zvinobuda zvinotanga munyika, uye maindasitiri emumba anopa rutsigiro rwakasimba mukusimudzira kutengeserana kwekunze.Chechitatu, mhedzisiro yemutemo wekudzikamisa kutengeserana kunze kwenyika yakaramba ichiburitswa.Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti nhevedzano yemitemo uye matanho ekudzikamisa kutengeserana kwekunze, sekugadzirisa hutongi nekupa masimba, kudzikisa mutero nemubhadharo, uye kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa nharaunda yechiteshi, zvakawedzera zvakanyanya kuvimba kwemusika nemabhizinesi.

Muna 2019, kusimukira kwekutengeserana kwenyika yangu kune dzimwe nyika kwakaratidza hunhu hutanhatu: chekutanga, chiyero chekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika chakawedzera kota nekota;chechipiri, kurongeka kwevadyidzani vakuru vekutengeserana kwakachinja, uye ASEAN yakava nyika yangu yechipiri pakukura pakutengeserana shamwari;chechitatu, makambani ega ega akakunda mabhizimisi ekunze kekutanga uye akava sangano guru rekutengeserana kunze kwenyika;chechina, chimiro chenzira dzekutengeserana chave chakawedzerwa, uye chikamu chekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera;chechishanu, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinonyanya kugadzirwa nemagetsi uye zvevashandi zvakanyanya, uye chikamu chemichina uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zviri pedyo ne60%;yechitanhatu simbi yesimbi Kupinza munyika zvinhu zvakaita sejecha, mafuta akashata, gasi rechisikigo, nesoyabhinzi kwakawedzera.

Huwandu hwekukura kwehupfumi hwenyika nekutengeserana hwadzikira zvakanyanya, uye denda idzva rekorona rarova indasitiri yekugadzira yepasi rose.Kubva mukupera kwa2019 kusvika kutanga kwa2020, hupfumi hwepasi rose hwakambodzikama uye hukaturikidzana, asi kusimukira kwedenda idzva remabayo kwakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru pahupfumi hwenyika nekutengeserana.IMF inofanotaura kuti hupfumi hwenyika huchadonha muna 2020, uye kudzikira kunenge kwakakura sedambudziko rezvemari ra2008.zvakatonyanya serious.Gwaro reWorld Trade Organisation's Quarterly Global Trade Outlook Index rechikamu chekutanga rakasvika pa95,5, richidzika kubva pa96.6 muna Mbudzi 2019. Kukanganisa kwedenda paupfumi hwenyika kuri kubuda, uye hapana kana hupfumi hukuru hwenyika nenyika huru dzinotengeserana. waponeswa.

Kufamba kwepasirese kwepagungwa kwakadonha ne25% muhafu yekutanga ya2020 uye inotarisirwa kudzikira ne10% zvachose kwegore rose.Muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvegore ra2020, kukura kwezvikepe zvezviteshi zvepasi rose zvichiri mukukura kwakashata, ukuwo midziyo yeNingbo Zhoushan Port, Guangzhou Port, Qingdao Port uye Tianjin Port kuChina yakachengeta maitiro akanaka ekukura akasiyana. madhigirii, anoratidza musika wepamba.kupora kuri nani.

Tichitarisa kubva kukuchinja kwekutengeserana kwemukati nekunze kwekutengesa kwezviteshi zvemukati pamusoro pehukuru hwakatarwa muna 2020, musika wekutengesa wepasi pezviteshi wakakanganisika kubva munaNdira kusvika Kurume, nekudonha kushoma kweanopfuura gumi muzana, asi zvishoma nezvishoma wakapora kubva. Kubvumbi, kunyanya neyemumba Panyaya yemusika wekutengeserana wekunze wechiteshi, kunze kwekudzikira kudiki kweyero yekubuda muna Kurume, vamwe vese vakaramba vari padanho repamusoro penguva imwecheteyo muna 2019, zvichiratidza kuti kuvandudzwa kwemusika weChina wekutengesa kunze kwenyika. yakanyanya kugadzikana, kunyanya Imhaka yekuti denda rekune dzimwe nyika harina kudzorwa zvakanaka kwenguva yakareba, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwakadzvinyirirwa, uye kuwanikwa uye kudiwa kwemusika wekunze kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, nekudaro kusimudzira kusimudzira kwemusika weChina kunze kwenyika.

Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwekutengeserana kwekunze, China yave nyika hombe maererano nekufambiswa kwechiteshi.Muna 2020, kubuda kweiyo korona itsva pneumonia denda kwakamisa kugadzirwa, huwandu hwekutengeserana hwenyika dzakasiyana hwakadzikira, uye kusimukira kwemusika wekutakura kwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya.Denda remumba rakadzorwa zvine mutsindo mukati menguva pfupi, hupfumi hwadzoreka zvishoma nezvishoma, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwadzoka nekukurumidza, zvigadzirwa zvemumba zvinopihwa kumusika wepasi rose, uye kudiwa kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakwira.Kubva munaNdira kusvika Mbudzi 2020, kutakurwa kwezviteshi pamusoro pehukuru hwakatarwa munyika yangu kwakasvika matani 13.25 bhiriyoni, kuwedzera kwe4.18% zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe cheteyo muna 2019.

Kukanganiswa neiyo korona itsva pneumonia denda, kutengeserana kwepasirese kwepasirese kuchadonha ne9.2% muna 2020, uye chiyero chekutengeserana chepasi rose chichave chakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura dambudziko idzva remabayo risati raitika.Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekutengeserana kwepasi rose, kukura kweChina kwakapfuura zvaitarisirwa.MunaNovember 2020, haina kungonyora kukura kwakanaka kwemwedzi misere yakatevedzana, asi yakaratidzawo kusimba kwakasimba, uye kukura kwakasvika padanho repamusoro regore pa14,9%.Zvisinei, maererano nekutengesa kunze kwenyika, mushure mokunge mutengo wepamwedzi wekutengesa uchikwira rekodhi yepamusoro ye 1.4 trillion yuan munaSeptember, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutengesa kwakadzokera kune yakaipa yekukura munaNovember.

Zvinonzwisiswa kuti muna 2020, kutengeserana kwenyika yangu kune dzimwe nyika kunotarisirwa kuenderera mberi nekuchengetedza maitiro akatsiga ekukura, uye kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro kuchasvika padanho idzva.Kuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwepasi rose kunotarisirwa kufambisa kukura kwekutengeserana, uye kugadzikana kwehupfumi hwenyika kunopawo rutsigiro rwakasimba mukusimudzirwa kwekutengeserana kunze.Asi panguva imwecheteyo, isu tinofanirawo kuona kuti kune kusava nechokwadi kwakawanda mukushanduka kwemamiriro edenda uye mamiriro ekunze, uye kusimudzira kwekutengeserana kwenyika yangu kuchiri kutarisana nematambudziko nematambudziko..Zvinotendwa kuti nekukasira kuumbwa kwemaitiro matsva ebudiriro pamwe nekutenderera kwemumba semutumbi mukuru uye kusimudzira pamwe chete kwemukati menyika nepasirese kutenderera kwemaviri, kuenderera mberi kwekuvhurwa kwemazinga epamusoro kune nyika yekunze, uye kuenderera kuumbwa kwe. kutsva kwekudyidzana kwenyika dzese uye mitsva yemakwikwi mabhenefiti, kutengeserana kwekunze kwenyika uye chiyero chekunze kwenyika chinotarisirwa kuchengetedza muna 2021. Kusimudzirwa kwepamusoro-soro kwekutengeserana kwekunze kunotarisirwa kuwana mhedzisiro mitsva.